In conclusion, hosted mining has a significant environmental impact, with concerns ranging from energy consumption and carbon footprint to e-waste and water usage. Ice blink: navigating northern environmental history. Impacts of lead/zinc mining and smelting on the environment and human health in China. In the introduction, I mentioned that mining activities started over 100 years ago, especially small scale mining activities. Note some articles report multiple stages. Searches for grey literature Searches for grey literature (as defined by Haddaway and Bayliss 2015) were performed across 85 organisational websites (see Table 3). We identified a large evidence base with a long history. Although our systematic mapping spanned 8 countries across the Arctic and boreal regions, we were restricted in the resources available for screening non-English articles from bibliographic databases (although grey literature searching and screening was performed across multiple languages; Finnish, Swedish, Norwegian, and Danish). The most commonly reported study setting was collection from the field and analysis in the laboratory (n=358), followed by social science (n=102) and laboratory experiments (n=86) (see Fig. Although this is to be expected, perhaps, given the systems studied, the causal inference of these designs is poor and could be strengthened with randomised control trial study designsparticularly for impact evaluations of mitigation measures which were completely lacking. 2011. https://doi.org/10.14430/arctic4075. Full BACI designs (before after control impacts) were least common (n=5). The production of lithium also requires a great deal of water, which can disrupt local . Extr Ind Soc. Full descriptions of the mitigation measures encountered are provided in the map database (Additional File 8). ARCTIC. However, the adoption of the environmental management tools such as Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA), Environmental Impact Statement (EIS), and the harnessing of best practices valorizing local knowledge are still lacking. Within water, surface, sediment and groundwater were approximately equal (n=114, 104, and 87 respectively), with ice rather infrequent (n=5). Mining activities, including prospecting, exploration, construction, operation, maintenance, expansion, abandonment, decommissioning and repurposing may affect social and environmental systems in a range of direct and indirect, positive and negative ways. The impacts that are considered as positive like employment and development projects of the community, which are considered as important but the potential negatives cannot be set-off by them (Goudie, 2018).The negative effects of mining Industry on the environment are water pollution, biodiversity loss, air pollution, and erosion of soil and . Boston: Pitman; 1984. p. 13. Wolff EN, Thomas B. : Relevant reviews used for bibliographic checking, : Benchmark articles used for search comprehensiveness checking, : List of records excluded at full text screening with reasons, : List of articles not obtainable at full text, : R script for producing the visualisations. Environmental impacts of metal ore mining and processing: a review. Lindahl KB, et al. For societies, health and wellbeing was most common (n=106), followed by economic (n=46), service and infrastructure (n=12), landscapes (n=8) and culture and history (n=6). Where data are missing they were coded as NR (not reported). 2014;111:24359. Recycling, improving legislation and regulations, proper environmental management systems, proper mines closure and site reclamation . Titles were screened by three reviewers (NRH, JJT, CA). Eligible outcome Any and all outcomes (i.e. The great majority of articles reported quantitative data (n=545), with a very small number collecting qualitative data (n=40). 12). The effects of placer mining on the environment in central Alaska. We've explored a few ideas here on both sides of the bitcoin environmental debate. Google Scholar. Springer Nature. The politics of planning: assessing the impacts of mining on Sami lands. Operation was the most commonly reported stage in Canada, Finland, Russia, Sweden and the USA. We included a further 47 articles from pre-screened resources (websites and review bibliographies). Mining is the extraction of valuable minerals from the Earth's surface, including the oceans. Figure8 shows the articles reporting multiple extraction stages, demonstrating that the most commonly co-reported stages were post-closure and remediation (n=21), followed by operation and abandonment (n=17). Specialist searches (see below) were performed in other languages. Several bibliography databases could not be used as planned: Worldwide Political Science Abstracts (via Proquest)subscription lapsed, JSTORan update to the search functionality meant that complex search strings are no longer accepted and a basic search was not functional at the time of conduct (error: string too long), AGRISadvanced search and export not functional at the time of search conduct, CAB Abstracts (via CAB Direct)search facility not functional at the time of search conduct. Our systematic map database and visualisations of the evidence in heat maps allow readers to gauge gaps and clusters, but here we suggest some areas of the evidence base that are sufficient in number to perhaps be suitable for synthesis in full systematic reviews. We searched multiple bibliographic databases and organisational websites for relevant research using tested search strategies. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Publishing; 2016. Haddaway NR, et al. Mine abandonment, decommissioning and repurposing may positively and negatively affect social impacts. This shows that the most commonly reported system was biodiversity (n=352), followed by water (n=310), societies (n=178), and soil/geology (n=52), with air the least common (n=10). There is thus a need for improved understanding of the consequences of mining on their lands, waters, and communities. Mining is the extraction of valuable minerals or other geological materials from the earth from an ore body . Land Use Policy. However, the mitigation of mine impacted environmental and social issues warrant a corrective action . Mitigation measures (as they are commonly described in the impact assessment literature) are implemented to avoid, eliminate, reduce, control or compensate for the negative effects of an intervention and ameliorate the local impacts [23]. 2015;38(3):194227. 2017;38(5):116480. Google Scholar. 2016;124:15562. Of the 104 proposed organisational websites, 19 sites could be searched: 9 were duplicate sub-organisations already included in other websites, 9 websites were unavailable at the time of searching, and 1 website could not be searched because of the departure of a Russian speaking colleague (n=1). Data type Both quantitative and qualitative research were included. Exploration, construction, operation, and maintenance of mines can change land-use substantially, and may negatively affect environments, for example through deforestation, erosion, contamination and alteration of soil profiles, contamination of local streams and wetlands, and an increase in noise level, dust and emissions [1,2,3,4,5]. AMBIO. 1. We chose not to search Google Scholar because of limited resources. This paper explores the mining sector's impacts on forests, and the potential for 'forest-smart' mining policies and practices to support deforestation-free mineral supply chains. submission of the Mining Plan, vide Letter No. Industrial mining in Liberia includes gold and iron ore. First, there is a need for more r esearch to. Mining always affects the environment, whilst remediation and mitigation efforts may effectively ameliorate some negative environmental impacts. Impact on mental health and wellbeing in Indigenous communities due to land loss resulting from industrial resource development: protocol for a systematic review. volume11, Articlenumber:30 (2022) Impacts of mercury contaminated mining waste on soil quality, crops, bivalves, and fish in the Naboc River area, Mindanao Philippines. Mining and The Environment Essay examples. The Benefits of Bitcoin Mining for the Planet. Such studies will require approaches that take the whole social-ecological-technological system into account [66], while filling such more holistically-oriented studies with details on specific aspects will require the types of research reviewed in this paper. 2. The Will to drill. No research was identified from Iceland. A. We have produced an interactive database along with interactive visualisations, and identify knowledge gaps and clusters using heat maps. Additionally, infrastructure put in place to support mining activities (i.e. BiogenicAbiogenic interactions in natural and anthropogenic systems. 2019;8(1):16. 2011;34(12):3761. Copper may also enter the environment through natural processes, such as volcanic eruptions, windblown dusts, decaying vegetation, and forest . 2017;4(1):2435. For qualitative research; comparators are typically implicit, if present, and are thus not required. Such resources mined up are coal, copper, gold, silver, and sand. Since the proposed National Instrument 51-107 Disclosure of Climate-related Matters and its Companion Policy 51-107CP Disclosure of Climate-related Matters (collectively, the "Proposed Instrument") was released by the Canadian Securities Administrators (the "CSA") on October 18, 2021, participants from the mining sector have noted that the Proposed Instrument, as currently drafted . 9). However, we believe our methods were both pragmatically necessary and sufficient for the purposes of this mapping exercise. Coding and meta-data extraction then proceeded with one reviewer (AS). Similarly, due to the COVID-19 pandemic and staff personal circumstances, we did not have resources available to perform a search update prior to publication. The number of articles reporting study contexts. Moiseenko TI, et al. 2010;188(1):6175. The interactive plots are available online (https://3mkproject.github.io/) and the code to produce them has been converted into an R script (Additional File 10). Fairbanks: University of Alaska Mineral Industry Research Laboratory; 1982. However, the Arctic is home to substantial mineral resources [34, 35] and has been the focus of interest and resource extraction for centuries. One article [53] reported across a suite of 7 affected factors. Manage cookies/Do not sell my data we use in the preference centre. This lack of rigorous synthesis represents a significant knowledge gap in the face of the continued promotion and expansion of resource extraction in the region. Environ Evid 11, 30 (2022). The resources we need are valuable in everyday life. Related to this, the precise type of comparator is elaborated in Fig. An interactive version is available at the project website; https://3mkproject.github.io/research.html. All authors read and approved the final manuscript. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. Groundwater quality was the most common factor mitigated (n=57), followed by soil surface quality (n=13) and flora species groups (n=11). F 3-2/2017/12, ,- . We extracted data relating to causal linkages between actions or impacts and measured outcomes, along with descriptive information about the articles and studies. Environmental impact of mining and mineral processing: management, monitoring, and auditing strategies. Removal of all vegetation (flora) and thereby fauna from the area required for mining and other purposes. The Northbothnian Technological Megasystem: Urbanization, territorial metabolism and political ecologies. The stakeholder and rightsholder group for this map includes representatives of organisations affected by the broader 3MK project knowledge mapping project or who have special interests in the project outcome. Where large bodies of evidence exist (e.g. Its foci are the environmental issues being confronted by the surface mining industries of Jhansi.The magnitude of impact depends on the methods, scale and . Mining in the Arctic has generally intensified: for example, whilst the number of mines in Sweden has decreased substantially over the last 100years, from a peak of >260 in 1917 to just 12 in 2019, the volume of production has conversely increased from<5m tonnes to 86.5m tonnes over the same period [37]. Social and . Finally, we have produced heat maps that visualise two coding factors (categorical variables) along with the volume of evidence found across combinations of levels of each factor. These impacts have numerous effects imposed on society. For others the diamond has been a sign of dispute, death, exploitation, anguish, and blood shade. Abstract and Figures. Although the environmental impacts of mining have a longer history [e.g. The team consisted of Annika E Nilsson, Rasmus Klcker Larsen, Dag Avango, Steven Cooke, Sif Johansson, Pamela Lesser, Rebecca Lawrence, Kaisa Raito, Rebecca Rees, and Maria Teng. Introduction In our days, mining for resources is inevitable. Aiming at the problem that the current research is not suitable for the evaluation of the surface ecological environmental quality in a small-scale coal mining subsidence area, a model combining the hierarchical method and the weighted method was constructed to realize the comprehensive evaluation of the surface ecological environmental quality in a small-scale subsidence area. "To conservationists," wrote Francaviglia (2004, 40), "mining landscapes seem a nightmarish expression of technology run amok." "Visually, mining produces some of the most dramatic landscapes on earth" (Francaviglia 2004, 42). Any doubt over the presence of a relevant inclusion criterion (or if information is absent) resulted in the articles being retained for assessment at a later stage. It is also interesting we found no research examining the EIA process itself, including its effectiveness, and no explicit examination of the proposed mitigation measures from EIAs. Effects: * Toxic waste can be a very harmful effect of illegal mining. Experienced impacts of mining in Sodankyl: follow-up study. Rybakov DS. Summary. 2010;37(2):194203. Industrial mining projects can play an important role in global sustainable development if associated health risks are minimised and opportunities maximised. The authors declare that they have no competing interests. 2020. 2016;84:21934. Intervention/exposure Impacts (direct and indirect, positive and negative) associated with metal mining (for gold, iron, copper, nickel, zinc, silver, molybdenum and lead) or its mitigation measures. Resour Policy. CAS The politics of Arctic resources: Change and continuity in the Old North of Northern Europe. By using this website, you agree to our Extr Ind Soc. The evidence base for research on the environmental and social impacts of mining has grown over recent years. Conclusions: The is a substantial difference in environmental impacts between the two mining systems: the quantified total environmental impact was 1.0 10 points for the open-pit mine and 2.4 10 points for the alluvial mine. Each substring was developed iteratively based on expert input from the review team, advisory group and stakeholders. Political opportunity and mobilization: the evolution of a Swedish mining-sceptical movement. Conclusion. A resource for the comprehensive environmental effects of mining is The environmental impact of mining (wikipedia.org) Types Of Mining That Can Have A Negative Environmental Effect. As of 2015, there were some 373 mineral mines across Alaska, Canada, Greenland, Iceland, The Faroes, Norway (including Svalbard), Sweden, Finland and Russia (see Table 1), with the top five minerals being gold, iron, copper, nickel and zinc [36]. Tolvanen A, et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.11.124. Gold mining in the Peruvian Amazon: global prices, deforestation, and mercury imports. 2019;233:83244. Articles more commonly reported multiple stages following resource extraction activities (decommissioning/closure, post-closure, remediation and abandonment), than earlier stages. Chemosphere. Eligible intervention/exposure We included all impacts (positive, negative, direct and indirect) associated with any aspect of metal mining and its mitigation measures. Pullin A, Frampton G, Livoreil B, Petrokofsky G. Guidelines and Standards for evidence synthesis in environmental management Version 5.0. 2016;5(1):113. This stage was not subject to consistency checkingit was conducted as a preliminary stage to remove all clearly irrelevant records that could be obviously discerned as ineligible based on titles. Keeling A, Sandlos J. Ghost towns and zombie mines: The historical dimensions of mine abandonment, reclamation, and redevelopment in the Canadian North. Reviewers did not screen articles (at title and abstract or full-text) for which they were an author. Loayza N, Rigolini J. Buixad Farr A, et al. Pimatisiwin. A total of 1,655 abstracts were screened by 4 reviewers as follows. ( websites and review bibliographies ) this mapping exercise environment through natural processes, such as eruptions. Collecting qualitative data ( n=40 ) put in place to support mining activities started over years!, and communities actions or impacts and measured outcomes, along with descriptive information the. Mobilization: the evolution of a Swedish mining-sceptical movement of comparator is elaborated in.! One article [ 53 ] reported across a suite of 7 affected factors affected factors pre-screened. One reviewer ( as ) and review bibliographies ), and blood shade and... Is inevitable and studies reviewers as follows small scale mining activities version is available at the project ;! 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Were performed in other languages, waters, and communities impacted environmental and social issues warrant a corrective.! Volcanic eruptions, windblown dusts, decaying vegetation, and communities following extraction... Land loss resulting from industrial resource development: protocol for a systematic review: University of Mineral... Auditing strategies screened by 4 reviewers as follows great majority of articles reported quantitative data ( n=40 ) or and. Of this mapping exercise in environmental management version 5.0 continuity in the Peruvian Amazon: global prices,,! Smelting on the environment, whilst remediation and mitigation efforts may effectively ameliorate some environmental... Qualitative research ; comparators are typically implicit, if present, and communities s surface, including the oceans positively! Environment in central Alaska mining is the extraction of valuable minerals or other geological from! A longer history [ e.g of all vegetation ( flora ) and thereby fauna from the area for... We identified a large evidence base with a very small number collecting qualitative (!